Kazakhstan Attractions & Travel Advice – Plan Your Visit
Located in Central Asia, this vast country features diverse landscapes, from expansive steppes to towering mountains. Rich in natural resources, it has a growing economy. The culture blends nomadic traditions with modern influences, and the capital city is known for its futuristic architecture.
- Capital
- Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan. It was previously known as Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022.
- Population
- 15.4 millions
- Superficy
- 2718000 sq.km
- Months to Visit
- May to Sept.
- Living Cost
- Moderate
Overview
Kazakhstan, located in Central Asia, is the world's largest landlocked country and the ninth largest overall. Its capital is Astana, while Almaty remains its largest city and cultural hub. The country features diverse landscapes, including vast steppes, deserts, and mountains. Kazakhstan has significant natural resources, particularly oil and minerals, which play a crucial role in its economy. The nation has a rich cultural heritage influenced by nomadic traditions and various ethnic groups. Since gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan has pursued economic development and modernization efforts.
Pros & Cons
GOOD REASONS TO VISIT KAZAKHSTAN
– Diverse Landscapes: Explore mountains, steppes, deserts, and lakes like Almaty’s Tian Shan and Lake Balkhash.
– Rich Nomadic Culture: Experience traditional Kazakh customs, music, and yurt stays reflecting nomadic heritage.
– Unique Architecture: Visit Astana's modern structures like Bayterek Tower and Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center.
– Outdoor Activities: Enjoy hiking, skiing, and horseback riding in scenic natural parks and reserves.
– Historical Sites: Discover Silk Road history in cities like Turkestan with ancient mausoleums and ruins. CHALLENGES WHEN VISITING KAZAKHSTAN
– Language Barrier: Russian and Kazakh are dominant; English is less spoken outside major cities.
– Vast Distances: Long travel times between attractions due to Kazakhstan's large size can be challenging.
– Harsh Weather: Extreme temperatures in winter and summer require careful planning for comfortable travel.
Before Departure
Before traveling to Kazakhstan, consider the following essential information:
– Passport: Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date.
– Visa: Many nationalities can enter visa-free for up to 30 days; others require an e-visa or consular visa.
– Currency: Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT); credit cards accepted in cities; ATMs widely available in urban areas.
– Internet access: WiFi is common in hotels and cafes; purchase a local SIM card from Beeline, Kcell, or Tele2 for data.
– Language barrier: Kazakh and Russian are official languages; English is not widely spoken outside major cities.
What to Pack
Kazakhstan supplies diverse landscapes and climates, so packing appropriately is essential for a comfortable visit.
– Essentials: Passport and visa (if required), travel insurance details, flight tickets and itinerary, accommodation confirmations, local currency or credit card.
– Clothing: Layered clothing for varying temperatures, sturdy walking shoes, warm coat for colder months, hat and sunglasses for sun protection.
– Health & Safety: Prescription medications and basic first aid kit, insect repellent for rural areas, sunscreen with high SPF.
– Electronics: Travel adapter for Type C or F outlets, mobile phone with charger, camera with extra batteries or memory cards.
Weather
Kazakhstan experiences extreme continental weather with hot summers and cold winters.
– Winter (December to February): Very cold with temperatures often dropping below -20°C, especially in the north.
– Spring (March to May): Mild temperatures with occasional rain; snow melts, leading to lush landscapes.
– Summer (June to August): Hot and dry, particularly in the south, with temperatures reaching up to 40°C.
– Autumn (September to November): Cool and dry, with charming foliage and decreasing temperatures. The best time to visit Kazakhstan is during spring (April-May) or autumn (September-October). Pros: Pleasant weather for outdoor activities and fewer tourists. Cons: Unpredictable rain in spring and cooler evenings in autumn.
Travel Budget
Kazakhstan supplies a range of budget-friendly options for travelers. Here are some average prices for common expenses:
– Hotel: 30$ to 150$
– Lunch: 5$ to 20$
– Beverage (in bar/restaurant): 2$ to 7$
– Coffee: 1.5$ to 4$
– Transportation: (train 5$ to 30$), (bus 0.2$ to 1.5$), (taxi /10km 3$ to 8$)
– Mobile data (per GB): 1.5$ to 3.5$
Language
Kazakh is the official language of Kazakhstan, and here are some useful phrases for tourists:
– Hello: Сәлеметсіз бе? (Salemetsiz be?)
– Thank you: Рақмет (Rakhmet)
– Please: Өтінемін (Ötinemin)
– How much is this?: Бұл қанша тұрады? (Bul qanşa turady?)
– Excuse me: Кешіріңіз (Keshiriniz)
– I don't understand: Мен түсінбеймін (Men tüsinbeymin)
– Yes: Иә (Iä)
– No: Жоқ (Joq)
– Goodbye: Сау болыңыз (Sau bolyñyz)
History
The region has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era, with nomadic tribes and several Turkic states emerging over time. In the 13th century, it became part of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan, later falling under the control of various khanates. The Russian Empire began its expansion into the area in the 18th century, fully incorporating it by the late 19th century. Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936 and experienced significant industrialization and agricultural changes during this time. It declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 following its dissolution. Since independence, Kazakhstan has developed its economy significantly while maintaining political stability under strong centralized governance.
Geopolitics
Situated in Central Asia, Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, sharing borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. It has a presidential republic type of government, with its capital in Astana. The nation plays a strategic role due to its vast natural resources, including oil and gas, which are significant for its economic ties with Russia and China. Kazakhstan is a member of several international organizations such as the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), aiming to balance its foreign relations between Western nations and neighboring powers. It has pursued a multi-vector foreign policy to maintain sovereignty while fostering economic partnerships globally. The country's geopolitical significance is heightened by initiatives like China's Belt and Road Initiative, which seeks to enhance connectivity through Central Asia.
Sample Itinerary
This itinerary explores the cultural and natural highlights of Kazakhstan, from the urban capital to scenic landscapes and historical sites.
– 2 days in Almaty: Explore the Green Bazaar, Panfilov Park, Zenkov Cathedral, and Medeu ice skating rink. Enjoy views from Kok-Tobe Hill.
– 1 day in Charyn Canyon: Discover dramatic rock formations and hike through the Valley of Castles. Experience an overnight stay in a local guesthouse.
– 2 days in Astana (Nur-Sultan): Visit Bayterek Tower, Khan Shatyr, Hazret Sultan Mosque, and National Museum. Stroll along the Nurzhol Boulevard.
– 1 day at Lake Kaindy: See submerged trees in an alpine lake formed by an earthquake. Enjoy hiking and photography opportunities.
– 2 days in Turkistan: Tour the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi and explore Silk Road history. Participate in local cultural activities.
Popular cities
Discover Kazakhstan's unique blend of natural beauty and urban charm:
– Almaty: The country's largest city, known for its mountainous backdrop, parks, and lively cultural scene.
– Nur-Sultan (Astana): The capital city provides modern architecture, museums, and the iconic Bayterek Tower.
– Shymkent: A historical city with lively markets and proximity to ancient archaeological sites.
– Aktau: A coastal city on the Caspian Sea, popular for its beaches and nearby Ustyurt Plateau.
– Karaganda: Known for its mining history and the nearby Karkaraly National Park.
– Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk): Situated along the Irtysh River, it is a gateway to the Altai Mountains.
– Turkestan: Home to the historic Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Monuments
Kazakhstan supplies a rich array of historical and architectural monuments to explore:
– Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Turkistan: Timurid architecture masterpiece and UNESCO World Heritage site.
– Bayterek Tower, Astana: Symbolic monument representing a folklore tree of life with panoramic views.
– Aisha Bibi Mausoleum, Taraz: 12th-century mausoleum known for its intricate terracotta decorations.
– Ascension Cathedral, Almaty: Wooden Russian Orthodox cathedral surviving numerous earthquakes.
– Mausoleum of Jochi Khan, Karaganda Region: Burial site of Genghis Khan's eldest son with historical significance.
– Nur-Astana Mosque, Astana: One of the largest mosques in Central Asia with modern Islamic design.
– Otrar Ancient City Ruins, Turkistan Region: Remnants of an ancient city with historical links to the Silk Road.
– Zenkov Cathedral, Almaty: Earthquake-resistant all-wood structure showcasing Russian Orthodox architecture.
Natural wonder
Kazakhstan provides diverse natural wonders with vast steppes and lovely landscapes:
– Charyn Canyon: Known as a smaller version of the Grand Canyon, with unique rock formations.
– Kolsai Lakes: A series of pleasant alpine lakes surrounded by dense forests.
– Altyn Emel National Park: Home to the Singing Dunes that emit a distinct humming sound.
– Kaindy Lake: Famous for submerged trees creating an unusual underwater forest.
– Borovoe National Park: Features rock formations, clear lakes, and pine forests.
– Big Almaty Lake: Situated in the mountains, known for its charming turquoise water.
– Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve: Kazakhstan's oldest nature reserve with rich biodiversity.
– Caspian Sea Coastline: Provides unique marine life and vast coastal landscapes.
– Mangystau Plateau: Noted for its dramatic desert landscapes and geological formations.
– Ustyurt Plateau: Known for its salt flats, canyons, and unique lunar-like scenery.
Outdoor activities
Kazakhstan provides diverse landscapes and outdoor adventures for nature enthusiasts:
– Hiking in Altyn Emel National Park: Explore singing sand dunes and colorful mountains.
– Skiing in Shymbulak: Enjoy winter sports at Central Asia's premier ski resort.
– Horseback Riding in Almaty Region: Traverse vast steppes and charming valleys.
– Camping in the Charyn Canyon: Experience dramatic rock formations and starry nights.
– Birdwatching at Korgalzhyn Nature Reserve: Observe unique bird species in expansive wetlands.
– Cycling the Ile-Alatau Mountains: Ride through scenic trails with panoramic views.
– Rafting on the Chilik River: Navigate thrilling rapids surrounded by untouched nature.
Kid Friendly
Kazakhstan supplies diverse activities that kids can enjoy during their visit:
– Almaty Zoo: Home to a wide range of animals, offering educational and fun experiences for children.
– Kok Tobe Hill: A recreational area with a mini zoo, attractions, and beautiful views accessible by cable car.
– Shymbulak Ski Resort: Family-friendly ski resort with activities for kids, including skiing lessons and snow play.
– Almaty Central Park: Offers amusement rides, playgrounds, and a small lake for boating.
– Mega Center Almaty: A large shopping mall with an indoor ice rink and kids' play areas.
– Aksay Gorge: Ideal for family hikes with elegant landscapes and picnic spots.
– Duman Entertainment Center: Features an aquarium, 5D cinema, and various interactive exhibits appealing to children.
– Medeu Ice Skating Rink: An outdoor rink where families can enjoy skating together in winter.
Cuisine
Kazakhstan's cuisine reflects its nomadic heritage, featuring hearty meats, dairy, and simple grains. Traditional dishes often involve slow-cooked methods and rich flavors. The food scene is influenced by Central Asian, Russian, and Middle Eastern culinary traditions.
– Beshbarmak: National dish with boiled meat, typically lamb or beef, served over flat noodles.
– Kazy: Horse meat sausage seasoned with garlic and spices, traditionally prepared for special occasions.
– Kuyrdak: Stir-fried liver and other offal with onions and potatoes.
– Baursak: Fried dough balls often served as a snack or dessert.
– Shubat: Fermented camel milk known for its sour taste and health benefits.
Souvenir
Known for its rich culture and traditions, Kazakhstan provides unique souvenirs. Here are some popular items to consider:
– Felt Products: Traditional felt items like hats and slippers showcase Kazakh craftsmanship.
– Wool Products: Woolen goods such as scarves and blankets are both practical and cultural.
– Kazakh Jewelry: Silver jewelry often features traditional designs with local gemstones.
– Ceramics: Handcrafted ceramics reflect the artistic heritage of the region.
– Local Spices: Unique spices from Kazakhstan's cuisine make for interesting gifts.
– Musical Instruments: Instruments like the dombra highlight Kazakhstan's musical traditions.
– Traditional Clothing: Items like chapans capture the essence of Kazakh attire.
Traditional Shows
Kazakhstan supplies a variety of traditional performances:
– Nauryz Celebrations: Experience traditional songs, dances, and games during Nauryz, a spring festival celebrated widely across Kazakhstan.
– Kazakh Aitys: Witness this lively oral art form, where poets engage in musical debates, showcasing their wit and creativity in major cities like Almaty.
– Shashu Ceremony: Participate in this cultural ritual during weddings or celebrations, where candies are showered to bring joy and good fortune.
– Dombra Performances: Hear the sounds of the dombra, a traditional two-stringed instrument, played by skilled musicians across various cultural venues.
– Korkyt Ata Musical Drama: Enjoy this theatrical performance that tells ancient stories through music and dance at theaters in Astana.
Events & Festivals
Kazakhstan hosts several major festivals and events reflecting its cultural diversity and heritage:
– Nauryz Meyrami: Celebrated on March 21, marking the Persian New Year with feasts, traditional games, and performances.
– Astana Day: July 6 celebration featuring concerts, fireworks, and cultural events in the capital city, Nur-Sultan.
– Almaty Apple Festival: September event celebrating Almaty's apple-growing history with exhibits, tastings, and entertainment.
– Kurban Ait: Islamic festival of sacrifice observed in August/September with prayers and charitable acts.
– Independence Day: December 16 national holiday commemorating Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union with parades and ceremonies.
– Tengri Music Festival: Annual music festival showcasing traditional Kazakh music alongside contemporary genres.
– Shymkent Wrestling Festival: Traditional wrestling competition held annually, attracting athletes from across the country.
Famous People
Kazakhstan has been home to many notable individuals contributing to its culture, science, and leadership.
– Nursultan Nazarbayev (born 1940, Chemolgan): First President of Kazakhstan who led the country from independence in 1991 until 2019.
– Abai Kunanbayev (1845 to 1904, Chingis): Poet, philosopher, and cultural icon known for modernizing Kazakh literature and thought.
– Mukhtar Auezov (1897 to 1961, Semey): Writer and playwright notable for his novel "The Path of Abai" celebrating Kazakh heritage.
– Dinmukhamed Kunaev (1912 to 1993, Verny): Soviet-era politician who significantly influenced Kazakhstan's development as a Communist Party leader.
– Olga Rypakova (born 1984, Ust-Kamenogorsk): Renowned track and field athlete who won gold in the triple jump at the 2012 Olympics.
Books
These books provide insights into Kazakhstan's history, culture, and the personal stories of its people.
– "The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years" by Chingiz Aitmatov: Explores life in a Soviet-era Kazakh village and broader philosophical themes.
– "The Silent Steppe" by Mukhamet Shayakhmetov: Memoir detailing life under Soviet rule and the impact on Kazakh nomadic traditions.
– "Nomads and Networks" by Claudia Chang and Perry A. Tourtellotte: Examines Kazakhstan's ancient nomadic cultures through archaeological findings.
– "Amanat: The Story of a Girl from Kazakhstan" by Aizhan B. Khakimzhanova: Follows a young girl's experiences growing up in post-Soviet Kazakhstan.
– "Zuleikha" by Guzel Yakhina: While set in Russia, it includes significant passages depicting Kazakh steppes during Soviet collectivization.
Songs
Kazakhstan's music scene is rich with traditional and modern influences, celebrating its culture and history.
– Dudarai: Traditional Kazakh folk song symbolizing love and cultural heritage.
– Aittym Salem Kalama: Classic piece by Shyghys, cherished for its lyrical beauty.
– Saryarka: Instrumental composition by Kurmangazy, evoking Kazakhstan's vast steppes.
– My Kazakhstan: National Anthem representing pride and unity among Kazakhs.
– Koshik: Roza Rymbaeva's beloved song highlighting Kazakh spirit and resilience.
– Zhalynim: Dimash Kudaibergen's contemporary hit showcasing his vocal prowess.
Films
Discover films that showcase the rich culture and history of Kazakhstan:
– "Tulpan": Directed by Sergei Dvortsevoy, follows a young man's dream to become a shepherd in the Kazakh steppes.
– "Mongol": Sergei Bodrov's epic about Genghis Khan's early life, showcasing Kazakhstan's landscapes and heritage.
– "Nomad: The Warrior": Ivan Passer and Sergei Bodrov depict Kazakh hero Ablai Khan's battles against invaders.
– "Shal (The Old Man)": Ermek Tursunov tells a survival story of an old shepherd confronting wolves in the wild.
– "Kelin": Directed by Ermek Tursunov, this silent film narrates a bride's struggles in ancient Kazakh society.